Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Flag [TOS_Republic] is set

Will happen within 1 days of January 1, 1419
Checked again every 1 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 1, 1433)

Description

A large revolt has finally chased out the tyrant and the independence has been definitively gained. The Republic is restored.

Actions

A. Good!

• Set flag [TOS_Republic] for events
• Flag graphics extension set to "Republic"
• +50
• +2000 infantry in Firenze

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 300 days of March 2, 1420
Checked again every 300 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1420)

Description

The work for the cathedral in Florence had begun in 1296 and proceeded very slowly. When the architect and sculptor Filippo Brunelleschi became interested in the project the main problem facing the architects was the construction of the dome. Huge engineering problems faced the placing of a dome on the octagonal Baptistry, and much argument had taken place on how to solve this and Brunelleschi set to work on finding an innovative solution. He combined his artistic skills, his mathematical skills and his understanding of mechanical devices when he made a proposal to the wardens of works of the cathedral when they set up a competition in 1418 to find the best solution to the problem of designing and constructing the dome. Brunelleschi proposed a double selfsupporting shell and a rib structure to support the enormous weight. He proposed brick as a building material, laid in rotating herringbone patterns. In 1420 Brunelleschi was awarded the commission and construction began.

Actions

A. Let's appoint Brunelleschi and fund him

• -60
• Monarch's administrative skill +1 for 18 months
• Infrastructure tech investment: +50

B. Let's appoint someone less innovative

• -15
• Infrastructure tech investment: +10
• Event 5223 - The Duomo is completed for Tuscany will never fire

C. A dome for the cathedral? Some carpentry work will suffice

• Infrastructure tech investment: -10
• Event 5223 - The Duomo is completed for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 228049 - The Lombard hegemony for Milan has already occurred
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Milan owns Mantua
  • Milan owns Romagna
  • Milan owns Marche
  • Milan owns Siena
  • Milan owns Emilia
  • Milan controls Mantua
  • Milan controls Romagna
  • Milan controls Marche
  • Milan controls Siena
  • Milan controls Emilia
  • Milan and Tuscany are at war
• The following must not occur:
  • Tuscany and Milan are allied

Will happen within 50 days of May 26, 1423
Checked again every 50 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after November 16, 1441)

Description

Because of having established control over Lombardy and submitted Genoa, Filippo Maria Visconti clearly showed his intention to continue with the ambitious plan which his father Giangaleazzo once pursued: the unification of the whole Northern Italy under the Visconti's blazon. Romagna should have been Visconti's next step in his threatening hegemonic plan. But Invading Romagna, the duke of Milan would break the 1420 peace treaty stipulated with the Florentine Republic as to guarantee 10 years of non-belligerence. That treaty notably forbade Visconti from intervening in the lands beyond Panaro-Magra Rivers and so in Romagna and Tuscany, territories in which Florence directly exercised her influence. Florentine army alone was not enough powerful to face the Milanese well paid Mercenari. A League against Visconti urged immediately.

Actions

A. Ask for alliance

• +4000 infantry in the capital province
• +1000 cavalry in the capital province
• -75
• +50 relations with Aragon
• -50 relations with Milan
• -50 relations with Genoa
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Milan for 60 months
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Genoa for 24 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +2 for 24 months
• +2 diplomats

B. We can stop the Tyrant alone

• Stability -1
• +5000 infantry in the capital province
• +2000 cavalry in the capital province
• -50
• Monarch's military skill -2 for 12 months
• -50 relations with Milan
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Milan for 60 months
• Event 326054 - The League against Milan for Venice will never fire

C. No action will be taken

• Stability -2
• Monarch's diplomatic skill -2 for 36 months
• Event 326054 - The League against Milan for Venice will never fire
• Event 17362 - The Albizzi for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 90 days of January 2, 1424
Checked again every 90 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1425)

Description

Leonardo Bruni was a leading humanist, historian and a chancellor of Florence. He has been called the first modern historian writing History of the Florentine People which has been called the first modern history book. As a humanist Bruni was essential in translating many works of Plato and Aristotele. Bruni was the first historian to write about the three period view of history: Antiquity, Middle Age and Modern. Thus he laid the conceptual groundwork for a tripartite division of history.

Actions

A. Great!

• Infrastructure tech investment: +50
• Monarch's administrative skill +2 for 17 months

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Country is not at war

Will happen within 60 days of April 21, 1427
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after March 23, 1454)
unless prevented by
Action A of 193056 - Catasto for Italy

Description

Giovanni de' Medici is responsible for the introduction of the catasto, a new system of taxation on declarations of assets, not of income, which is easily disguised. It is a very popular act as one chronicler puts it, now the common folk have the satisfaction of seeing 'those who previously paid 20 florins are now paying 300'. The excitement was appeased by Giovanni de' Medici, who said, It is not well to go into things so long past, unless to learn something for our present guidance, and if in former times the taxation has been unjust, we ought to be thankful, that we have now discovered a method of making it equitable, and hope that this will be the means of uniting the citizens, not of dividing them, which would certainly be the case were they to attempt the recovery of taxes for the past, and make them equal to the present, and that he who is content with a moderate victory is always most successful, for those who would more than conquer, commonly lose.

Actions

A. OK

• Trade tech investment: +300
• -1% inflation
• +1 base tax value in the capital province
• Serfdom -1
• +200
• Stability +1
• Aristocracy -1

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1430
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1430)

Description

Donatello (1386-1466) was trained as a goldsmith, but studied ancient art. His 'David' (1430) is one of the most renowned sculptures of the early Renaissance, and the first free standing figure to be cast in bronze since antiquity. His 'Judith slaying Holofernes' was dedicated to the Florentine republic.

Actions

A. OK

• Stability +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +250

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Flag [TOS_Republic] is set

Will happen within 1 days of January 1, 1433
Checked again every 1 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 1, 1453)

Description

A large revolt has finally chased out the tyrant and the independence has been definitively gained. The Republic is restored.

Actions

A. Good!

• Set flag [TOS_Republic] for events
• Flag graphics extension set to "Republic"
• +50
• +2000 infantry in Firenze

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 30 days of September 2, 1433
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1433)
unless prevented by
Action C of 297034 - The League against Milan for Tuscany

Description

The Albizzi were a family with a long history in Florence and in 1433 they represented the oligarchic faction in the republic. Cosimo de' Medici was becoming increasingly influential in the republic's politics - he was supported by the 'popolo minuto', the ordinary workers who had no say in the government, and by the lesser guilds. Rumours circulated that Cosimo was plotting to use mercenary troops to set himself up as ruler of Florence. When Rodolfo degli Albizzi managed to gain control of the 'signoria' (the governing council) he used his influence to have Cosimo imprisoned. Rather than executing the Medici, under pressure from the Medici's debtors and supporters he had the family exiled for ten years and declared them nobles, thereby excluding them from any role in the government of the city forever. Reluctant to act by force and willing to bide his time, Cosimo complied. Should we exile the Medici or overthrow Albizzi's government?

Actions

A. Exile the Medici

• Stability +1
• Centralization -1
• Event 17319 - Reforms of Cosimo de Medici for Tuscany will never fire
• Monarch Rinaldo degli Albizzi becomes active
• Monarch Cosimo il Vecchio becomes active

B. Overthrow the Albizzi

• Stability -4
• Centralization -2
• Firenze revolts
• Firenze revolts
• Event 17363 - The Return of the Medici for Tuscany will never fire
• Monarch Rinaldo degli Albizzi will never rule
• Monarch Cosimo il Vecchio will never rule

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 17362 - The Albizzi for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of August 11, 1434
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1434)
unless prevented by
Action B of 17362 - The Albizzi for Tuscany

Description

After the exile of the Medici Florence lost it's main banker and found it increasingly difficult to raise funds. The oligarchic party lost influence and Rinaldo Albizzi lost popularity until the 'signoria' summoned him to judgement. Rather than be exiled Rinaldo summoned his guards and attacked city hall. He was beaten off, and then exiled. Cosimo de' Medici was recalled and was now in complete control of the city, although he maintained republican forms. He introduced the 'decima scalata', a progressive income tax to reduce the tax burden of the poor. He patronized Petrarch and Bocaccio, and founded the Platonic Academy in 1440.

Actions

A. OK

• Stability +2
• +1 base tax value in the capital province
• Centralization +2
• Aristocracy -2
• Mercantilism -1
• Serfdom -1
• Innovativeness +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +300

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Event 17363 - The Return of the Medici for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1439
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1442)
unless prevented by
Action A of 17362 - The Albizzi for Tuscany

Description

Cosimo de Medici the Elder, also called Pater Patriae (Father of the Fatherland), exercised monarchical powers in an urban regime with republican forms. He patronized Petrarch and Bocaccio, and founded the Platonic Academy in 1440.

Actions

A. Great!

• Stability +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +300
• Innovativeness +1

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Milan exists
• Venice exists
• Event 228052 - The Treaty of Cremona for Milan has already occurred
• Country is not at war

Will happen within 30 days of November 19, 1441
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after August 16, 1447)
unless prevented by
Action B of 228052 - The Treaty of Cremona for Milan

Description

Several peace treaties were stipulated between Visconti and the other Italian states, amongst them Venice and Florence, forming the anti-Visconti League: as main condition the Milanese Duke had to abandon his ambitions to rule in Northern Italy. But war actually didn't and couldn't stop, Visconti soon invaded Papal States with the intention to punish the Pope Eugenius V, former Venetian Cardinal, for plotting with the League against him. Facing a new and stronger League, whose troops were commanded by Francesco Sforza, Filippo Maria succeeded in asking the condottiero to mediate with the League-confederates for an immediate peace. In exchange for that service, Sforza married Visconti's daughter Bianca Maria. Since Visconti hadn't yet any direct male heir, Sforza would be in condition to claim the throne at Visconti's death. In the treaty signed in Cremona in 1441 Venice obtained the suzerainty over the cities of Brescia, Bergamo and Ravenna while Visconti had to confirm the independence of Genoa and to give up definitely his ambitious plan of a reborn Lombard Kingdom in Northern Italy.

Actions

A. Stop any belligerence against Visconti

• Stability +1
• Grant independence to Savoy
• Grant independence to Modena
• Grant independence to Siena
• Grant independence to Mantua
• Grant independence to Papal States
• Event 297038 - Effects of the Treaty of Cremona for Tuscany is triggered immediately

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen on October 1, 1442

Description

The Florentine merchant Francesco Balducci Pegolotti compiled his work on a trade manual for merchants with regards to, weights and measures for tarifs on trade, he probably compiled his work from the Venetian trade manual Tarifa zoè noticia dy pexi e mexure di luogi e tere che s'adovra marcadantia per el mondo in the 1340s. This manual served as a source for later work which shares its title, the Pratica della mercatura compiled by Giovanni di Bernardo da Uzzano in 1442.

Actions

A. Florentine merchants rejoice

• Innovativeness +1
• Trade tech investment: +200

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 5222 - Brunelleschi and the Duomo of Florence for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen within 300 days of March 2, 1447
Checked again every 300 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1447)
unless prevented by
Action B, C of 5222 - Brunelleschi and the Duomo of Florence for Tuscany

Description

Although Brunelleschi's construction methods were revolutionary, the erection of the dome was still a lengthy construction process. By the time Brunelleschi died, in 1446, the dome was almost completely finished. It soon became one of the masterworks of architecture, admired throughout the world. Although the duomo of Santa Maria del Fiore was the most famous of Brunelleschi's architectural achievements, there are many other examples of his stunning architecture in Florence.

Actions

A. We have a truly grandiose masterpiece!

• +5 victory points
• Infrastructure tech investment: +75
• Stability +1
• +15 relations with a random country
• +15 relations with a random country
• +15 relations with a random country
• +15 relations with a random country

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Milan exists
• Venice exists
• Event 326024 - Another Lombard war for Venice has already occurred
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 228004 - Francesco Sforza Takes Milan for Milan has already occurred
  • Event 228006 - Milan accepts Sforza for Milan has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 297030 - The Venetian Danger for Tuscany has already occurred
  • Tuscany and Milan are at war
• Tuscany is a vassal of Venice

Will happen within 30 days of March 26, 1450
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 8, 1454)
unless prevented by
Action B of 326024 - Another Lombard war for Venice

Description

In 1447 Duke Filippo Maria Visconti died without a male heir in his succession to the throne. As a result of this the city of Milan proclaimed the Republic giving the high military command to Francesco Sforza on the purpose to stop Venice from the eastern borders profiting from the Milanese crisis by expanding her dominions beyond Adda River. After 2 years and half of life, isolated and surrounded by the unfaithful Sforza, who in the meanwhile and with the support of Venice turned against the city of Milan aiming at the ducal throne, the Ambrosian Republic eventually ceased to exist. Brought to severe famine the citizenship of Milan was forced to surrender to the condottiero and accept him as their new Duke. As soon as Sforza proclaimed himself successor of Visconti to the throne of Milan and the Holy Roman Emperor didn't acknowledge him the ducal investiture, the war of succession inevitably began. Encouraged by that and as to continued her war of conquest Venice tried to renew her old alliance with Florence. But Florence was now ruled by Cosimo de Medici, a Sforza's friend, who instead resolved to support the condottiero in order to check Venice and her expansionist policy in Terraferma.

Actions

A. Stop Venetian hegemony

• Break vassalization with Venice
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Venice for 36 months
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Naples for 36 months
• Gain an alliance with Milan
• +150 relations with Milan
• -150 relations with Venice
• -50 relations with Naples
• +75 relations with France
• +50 relations with Provence

B. No business with Sforza

• Break vassalization with Venice
• Monarch's diplomatic skill -2 for 24 months
• -50 relations with Milan
• +25 relations with Venice
• Event 228033 - The Battle over Milan for Milan will never fire
• Event 297020 - The Peace of Lodi for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Milan exists
• Venice exists
• Event 326024 - Another Lombard war for Venice has already occurred
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 228004 - Francesco Sforza Takes Milan for Milan has already occurred
  • Event 228006 - Milan accepts Sforza for Milan has already occurred
• None of the following must occur:
  • Event 297019 - The Venetian Danger for Tuscany has already occurred
  • Tuscany is a vassal of Venice
  • Tuscany and Milan are at war

Will happen within 40 days of March 26, 1450
Checked again every 40 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 8, 1454)

Description

In 1447 Duke Filippo Maria Visconti died without a male heir in his succession to the throne. As a result of this the city of Milan proclaimed the Republic giving the high military command to Francesco Sforza on the purpose to stop Venice from the eastern borders profiting from the Milanese crisis by expanding her dominions beyond Adda River. After 2 years and half of life, isolated and surrounded by the unfaithful Sforza, who in the meanwhile and with the support of Venice turned against the city of Milan aiming at the ducal throne, the Ambrosian Republic eventually ceased to exist. Brought to severe famine the citizenship of Milan was forced to surrender to the condottiero and accept him as their new Duke. As soon as Sforza proclaimed himself successor of Visconti to the throne of Milan and the Holy Roman Emperor didn't acknowledge him the ducal investiture, the war of succession inevitably began. Encouraged by that and as to continued her war of conquest Venice tried to renew her old alliance with Florence. But Florence was now ruled by Cosimo de Medici, a Sforza's friend, who instead resolved to support the condottiero in order to check Venice and her expansionist policy in Terraferma.

Actions

A. Stop Venetian hegemony

• Stability -2
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Venice for 36 months
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Naples for 36 months
• Gain an alliance with Milan
• +150 relations with Milan
• -150 relations with Venice
• -50 relations with Naples
• +75 relations with France
• +50 relations with Provence

B. No business with Sforza

• Stability -1
• Monarch's diplomatic skill -2 for 24 months
• -50 relations with Milan
• +25 relations with Venice
• Event 228033 - The Battle over Milan for Milan will never fire
• Event 297020 - The Peace of Lodi for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Portugal exists
• The following must not occur:
  • Tuscany and Portugal are at war

Will happen within 50 days of August 2, 1451
Checked again every 50 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1452)

Description

The ubiquitous Florentine bankers had a vested interest in the Portuguese discoveries. New trade routes to the spice trade could be very profitable. Portuguese discovery of sugar also had a impact and soon Florentine investment made up 1/3 of the shares in Lisbon, giving the money Portugal needed to support its ships.

Actions

A. Invest in Lisbon

• -200

B. Save the money

• Event 297027 - Portuguese Cartography for Tuscany will never fire
• Event 297028 - Portugal finds the way to India for Tuscany will never fire
• -5 victory points

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Flag [TOS_Republic] is set

Will happen within 1 days of January 1, 1453
Checked again every 1 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 1, 1473)

Description

A large revolt has finally chased out the tyrant and the independence has been definitively gained. The Republic is restored.

Actions

A. Good!

• Set flag [TOS_Republic] for events
• Flag graphics extension set to "Republic"
• +50
• +2000 infantry in Firenze

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Portugal exists
• Event 297026 - Investment in Portuguese explorations for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen on August 2, 1454
unless prevented by
Action B of 297026 - Investment in Portuguese explorations for Tuscany

Description

With Florence investing in several economic and exploration branches in Lisbon, the Florentine Cartographers gained access to the expanding Portuguese cartographic knowledge. This showed several new trade routes as well as more knowledge of the African continent. The new maps showed parts of West Africa and the Atlantic Islands. Portugal would lead the Age of Exploration in Europe.

Actions

A. Excellent!

• Trade tech investment: +50
• Naval tech investment: +50

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 120 days of April 30, 1472
Checked again every 120 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1472)
unless prevented by
Action A, B of 193033 - The Mine in Volterra for Italy

Description

In 1472 a contract was granted to a consortium to mine alum from a cave near the Tuscan town of Volterra. There were strong indications that the grant of the contract may have been corrupt, and magistrates from the town seized the mine. Lorenzo de' Medici was asked to mediate and rules in favor of the consortium, who immediately seized the mine, causing violent rioting in Volterra and the murder of some of the members of the consortium. Many influential Florentines argued that the Volterrans should be offered lenient terms to defuse the crisis, but Lorenzo felt that they should be taught a lesson. He hired mercenaries, and after a siege of a month the town was plundered in violation of the terms of surrender. This event is still memorialized in Volterre. What terms should be offered to the Volterrans?

Actions

A. Harsh Terms

• +3 merchants
• Firenze revolts
• Firenze revolts
• -1 base tax value in Firenze

B. Lenient Terms

• Stability -2
• -20
• -20 victory points
• Centralization -1

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Flag [TOS_Republic] is set

Will happen within 1 days of January 1, 1473
Checked again every 1 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 1, 1493)

Description

A large revolt has finally chased out the tyrant and the independence has been definitively gained. The Republic is restored.

Actions

A. Good!

• Set flag [TOS_Republic] for events
• Flag graphics extension set to "Republic"
• +50
• +2000 infantry in Firenze

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 17360 - The Pazzi Conspiracy for Papal States has already occurred

Will happen on April 27, 1478
unless prevented by
Action B of 17360 - The Pazzi Conspiracy for Papal States

Description

In April 1478 at high mass in the cathedral of Florence a conspiracy led by the Pazzi family and supported by the Pope attacked Giuliano and Lorenzo de' Medici as the host was elevated. Giuliano was killed by a mercenary, but the two priests assigned to kill Lorenzo only wounded him in the neck. The conspirators were all killed, along with most of their supporters and suspected supporters. The Pope was enraged by the scale of the vengeance wreaked by the Medici's supporters. Lorenzo's hold on Florence was greatly consolidated, but she faced war with the Pope and his ally, Naples.

Actions

A. OK

• +50
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Papal States for 12 months
• Stability -1
• -300 relations with Papal States
• Centralization +2
• +4000 infantry in the capital province
• +2000 cavalry in the capital province

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Country is not at war

Will happen within 100 days of January 2, 1480
Checked again every 100 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1490)

Description

After the failure of the Pazzi conspiracy and the ensuing war Lorenzo de' Medici, called the Magnificent for his love of the arts, steered Florence's foreign policy towards the peaceful reconciliation between the major Italian states (Florence, Milan, Venice, Naples and the Papacy) pursuing a constant balance of powers. For the rest of his life he continued the political attitude of his grand-father, Cosimo the Elder, and made Italy a reasonably peaceful place excluding any possible foreign meddling in Italian internal affairs. Later, after his death (1492) Machiavelli will nostalgically remember him as the 'needle of the compass amongst the Italian princes'.

Actions

A. Italy needs peace

• +100 relations with Naples
• +50 relations with Siena
• +100 relations with Papal States
• +50 relations with Modena
• +50 relations with Mantua
• +100 relations with Venice
• +50 relations with Genoa
• +100 relations with Milan
• +50 relations with Savoy
• -50 relations with France
• -50 relations with Spain
• -50 relations with Austria
• -50 relations with Ottoman Empire
• -50 relations with Aragon
• Stability +3

B. We must look after our own interests

• -100 relations with Naples
• -50 relations with Siena
• -50 relations with Modena
• -50 relations with Mantua
• -100 relations with Venice
• -50 relations with Genoa
• -100 relations with Milan
• -50 relations with Savoy
• -100 relations with Papal States
• +10000 infantry in the capital province
• +5000 cavalry in the capital province
• +10 national manpower

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Flag [TOS_Republic] is set

Will happen within 1 days of January 1, 1493
Checked again every 1 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after August 30, 1513)
unless prevented by
Action B of 17366 - Florence attacked for Tuscany
Action B of 71318 - Florence attacked for Tuscany
Action A of 297021 - The Medici Restoration for Tuscany
Action A of 297002 - Machiavelli deposed for Tuscany

Description

A large revolt has finally chased out the tyrant and the independence has been definitively gained. The Republic is restored.

Actions

A. Good!

• Set flag [TOS_Republic] for events
• Flag graphics extension set to "Republic"
• +50
• +2000 infantry in Firenze

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen on January 21, 1494

Description

On January 20, 1494, there was a great snowstorm in Florence which let loose more snow than seen in living memory - heaps of it were piled in the corners of the alleyways. Piero de' Medici was staring out the window of the palace when he saw Michelangelo Buanoarroti walk past and yet another ill-starred idea occurred to him: 'Why not celebrate this extraordinary event by commissioning from the greatest living artist a statue of snow?'. Michelangelo, who held music in contempt for its ephemerality, was not pleased, but he dared not refuse the son of his old patron, so he sculpted a statue of snow. Piero rejoiced at the beauty of it, but we can only guess how the great artist felt when it had melted the very next day. Safe to say, Piero had alienated yet another of his father's old allies.

Actions

A. Oh no!

• Infrastructure tech investment: -250

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 297026 - Investment in Portuguese explorations for Tuscany has already occurred
• Portugal exists

Will happen on August 2, 1494
unless prevented by
Action B of 297026 - Investment in Portuguese explorations for Tuscany

Description

By 1494 Portugal found the way to India and took control of the spice trade away from the Venetians. Since we have made investments in Portugal we, naturally, profit...

Actions

A. Excellent!

• +150
• Trade tech investment: +120
• +1 merchants

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 12022 - Charles VIII presses claims on Naples for Naples has already occurred
  • Event 170040 - The French King in Naples for France has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of September 3, 1494
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 3, 1498)

Description

On the approach of the French in 1494, Piero de' Medici, son and successor of Lorenzo, had suffered a loss of nerve and had left the city to negotiate with Charles VIII. He extracted a promise from the French King to respect the freedom of the city, but only in return for handing over some of the most important fortresses protecting Florentine territory. When the news of this arrangement reached the city, it aroused a great wave of anger and resentment. Piero, forgetting the lessons of his ancestors, had already made himself unpopular by his arrogance and his flaunting of his position. The consequence was an uprising that drove out Piero and his rule and restored a more popular government. The new government admitted the French to the city, and some tense negotiations took place, in which the Florentines feared that Charles would try to restore Piero and become their master. The determination of the citizens to resist these demands, by arms if need be, so impressed Charles that he did not press them, but departed leaving the city its freedom. He held on to the fortresses, including Pisa, which had thrown off Florentine rule at the approach of the French. To regain Pisa was a passion with Florence, and the hope of doing so with French help was one reason why Florence made an alliance with France and stuck to it faithfully during the next few years.

Actions

A. Let's come to terms with Charles

• -50
• Monarch's diplomatic skill -2 for 12 months
• +3 merchants
• Global revolt risk +5 for 90 months
• -50 relations with Naples
• -50 relations with Papal States
• -50 relations with Milan
• -50 relations with Venice
• -100 relations with France
• -50 relations with Austria

B. We never bow to the greedy Charles

• Gain a temporary casus belli against France for 36 months
• -200 relations with France
• +50 relations with Naples
• Monarch's military skill +2 for 24 months
• Monarch's administrative skill -2 for 60 months
• -6 merchants
• Firenze revolts
• Global revolt risk +7 for 120 months
• Event 170121 - Florence submits to Charles VIII for France will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen on November 17, 1494

Description

Girolamo Savonarola rose to power in Florence, driving out the despised Piero II de Medici. Savonarola was a Dominican monk, who lead Florence into an age of enforced piety. He oversaw burnings of luxuries, scourging of the wicked and violent denuciations of the excesses of the merchant classes. In 1497, during the carnival, rather than the traditional games and costume parades Savonarola oversaw the famous 'bonfire of the vanities', where numerous paintings, books and clothes that were considered lewd were burned, destroying many of Florence's artistic assets.

Actions

A. Save our Souls!

• Aristocracy -4
• Centralization +2
• Innovativeness -3
• Quality -2
• +100 relations with France
• -100 relations with Papal States
• +3 missionaries
• -6 diplomats
• Stability -1

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen on November 18, 1494
unless prevented by
Action A of 193042 - Giovanni Pico della Mirandola for Italy

Description

Born in the Castle of Mirandola (in the Duchy of Modena) at the age of fourteen went to Bologna to study Canon Law, but, repelled by the purely positivist science of Law, he traveled to chief universities of Italy and France where he studied Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Latin and Greek as well as the philosophy of Averroes. In December 1486, Pico published in Rome his 900 these and invited all scholars to a public disputation in January, 1487. However, Pope Innocent VIII suspended the disputation and appointed a commission to examine the theses. Pico published an Apologia to defend his theses, but this only made things worse and started a conflict with the Papal authorities that lasted for the rest of his life. Pico then fled to Florence, where he became an important part of the Academy there, even though he stood in opposition to the standard Platonism fashionable there. His most important work - which is still studied by philosophers today - was the Oration on the Dignity of Man, which was probably originally composed in preparation for the disputation. It held that man was separate from the rest of nature not because we were the center of the universe, but because we are free to become either animals or angels, or, that is, anything in it: ''I have set thee,' says the Creator to Adam, 'in the midst of the world, that thou mayst the more easily behold and see all that is therein. I created thee a being neither heavenly nor earthly, neither mortal nor immortal only, that thou mightest be free to shape and to oversome thyself. Thou mayst sink into a beast, and be born anew to the divine likeness. To thee alone is given a growth and a development depending on thine own free will. Thou bearest in thee the germs of a universal life.'' In his later life he dedicated his work to defending Christianity against the Jews and Mohammedans and became a follower of Savonarola. His interest in Kabbalah led to a broad current of Christian Kabbalahism which included John Reuchlin and remained important throughout the 16th century. On Pico's deathbed, Savonarola had a vision where the Virgin came to assure him that Pico would not die. Savonarola explained this vision later by saying that the Virgin meant the 'second' life, not the first. In his funeral oration for his friend, Savonarola criticized Pico for not entering a monastic order, but reassured his audience that Pico would be found safely in Purgatory, due to the preacher's alms and prayers. Pico della Mirandola died on 17 November 1494, the day King Charles VIII entered Italy. The Oration was published posthumously.

Actions

A. OK

• Infrastructure tech investment: +50

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 17317 - The Rise of Savonarola for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen on May 22, 1498

Description

Savonarola made many enemies with his firebrand preaching, not least Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia). After tolerating Savonarolas preaching for several years, Alexander VII excommunicated him, and finally had him hung as a common criminal. We can save this pious man.

Actions

A. Hang the Heretic

• Aristocracy +3
• Centralization -4
• Innovativeness +1
• Quality +2
• Monarch Girolamo Savonarola will never rule
• Monarch Repubblica becomes active
• Monarch Piero Soderini becomes active
• -50 relations with France
• +50 relations with Papal States
• Stability -1

B. Protect the Holy Man

• -200 relations with Papal States
• Centralization +1
• Innovativeness -1
• Quality -1
• Stability -2
• Monarch Repubblica will never rule
• Monarch Piero Soderini will never rule
• Event 17377 - Florentine Militia for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Portugal exists
• Event 297026 - Investment in Portuguese explorations for Tuscany has already occurred
• Event 297028 - Portugal finds the way to India for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen on August 2, 1502

Description

As Portugal finally established a monopoly over the spice trade, Florentine Bankers, who had multiple shares in Portuguese trading companies, had their income doubled as a result of the lucrative spice trade industry. Florentine Bankers had exclusive investing rights, which gave them an edge over the competition.

Actions

A. Excellent!

• +300
• Trade tech investment: +220
• +2 merchants

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1504
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1504)
unless prevented by
Action A of 193044 - Michelangelo for Italy

Description

Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime and ever since then he has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all times. A number of his works in painting sculpture and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. Although the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are probably the best known of his works today the artist thought of himself primarily as a sculptor.

Actions

A. OK

• Stability +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +250

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Piero Soderini is active
• Country is not at war

Will happen within 135 days of January 2, 1505
Checked again every 135 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1512)

Description

It happened a day that Gonfaloniere Piero Soderini, in order to exalt the values of the Republic, hired two of the best artists living in those times to decorate a wall in the 'Salone dei Cinquecento' in 'Palazzo Vecchio' with two frescos representing two of the most important military successes for the city's history. These two artists were Michelangelo Buonarroti, who chose to represent the 'Battle of Cascina' fought in 1364 between Florence and Pisa, and Leonardo da Vinci, who chose to represent the 'Battle of Anghiari', fought in 1440 between Florence and the Duke of Milan. Instead of a mixture of men and horses fiercely struggling around a flag sketched by Leonardo, Michelangelo focused more on exalting the human action through the representation of several bare figures in movement. It was during his stay in Florence that Leonardo painted his most famous portrait 'la Monna Lisa', also known as 'la Gioconda', named after Francesco Bartolomeo del Giocondo, the husband of the assumedly portraited woman. During his life Leonardo would never separate himself from this 'enigmatic smile'. In the meanwhile Michelangelo was sculpting one of his most famous marble statues 'il David'. Although both the cartoons were ready, unfortunately the frescos commissioned by the Florentine Republic were never realized: Leonardo was invited to come back in Milan by the French King Louis XII, while Michelangelo went to Rome on Pope Julius II's request.

Actions

A. Florentia caput mundi

• Stability +1
• Monarch's administrative skill +2 for 24 months

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 90 days of June 2, 1507
Checked again every 90 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1508)
unless prevented by
Action B of 17318 - Savonarola Challenged for Tuscany

Description

Piero Soderini had been elected Gonfalonier (chief magistrate) of Florence for life, and Machiavelli was immediately able to win his favor and become indispensable to the new Florentine ruler. The remarkable influence he had over the head of state enabled Machiavelli to realize his military ideas. For centuries the states of Italy had used mercenary troops in their wars, and Machiavelli had seen in practice their lack of discipline, their faithlessness, and their dangerous arrogance. Inspired both by the military enterprises of ancient Rome and by his own observations in France (where he went on a second mission early in 1504) and in the Romagna (where Cesare Borgia had replaced mercenaries with troops levied from his own territory), Machiavelli ardently pursued the idea of giving the Florentine state a militia of its own, recruited from the citizens under its control. Family rivalries, and reluctance of townsmen to arm men from the country districts around Florence may need to be overcome.

Actions

A. Establish Militia

• Aristocracy -1
• Serfdom -1
• Land +1
• Quality -2
• Offensive Doctrine +2
• Land tech investment: +500
• +10000 infantry in the capital province
• Lose 3000 troops in a random province
• +4 base manpower in the capital province
• Stability -1
• Set flag [militia] for events
• -300

B. Rely on Mercenaries

• +2000 cavalry in the capital province
• Stability +2
• Clear flag "[militia]"

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1511
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1512)

Description

King Louis XII of France has sponsored a schismatic council to oppose the Papacy in the Tuscan city of Pisa, since this has brought upon the Florentines the rage of the warrior Pope Julius II, we must decide quickly how best to act. Do we send Machiavelli as an ambassador to France in an attempt to diplomatically resolve the situation, or do we send him to Pisa to immediately dissolve the schismatic council?

Actions

A. France

• Event 17379 - Wrath of God for Papal States is triggered immediately
• +50 relations with France
• -50 relations with Papal States

B. Pisa

• Event 17380 - Rage of Louis for France is triggered immediately
• -50 relations with France
• +50 relations with Papal States

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Flag [militia] is set

Will happen within 30 days of August 2, 1512
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1512)

Description

Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici intrigued continually against the republic of Florence with either France or Spain, whoever he felt could help him return the Medici to power. In the aftermath of the Council of Florence he was able to get support from Spain, and accompanied an army that invaded Tuscany. The Tuscan militia could not stop the advance of this army, and as it neared Florence Giovanni opened negotiations with the city. Piero Soderini offered to step down to allow the Medici to return, but the city refused to accept Medici rule. The cardinal's army captured and pillaged the nearby town of Prato, after which Florence submitted. What should we do?

Actions

A. Defy the Medici

• Lose 10000 troops in a random province
• -4 base manpower in the capital province
• Stability +1
• Centralization +2
• Aristocracy +2
• Serfdom +2
• Quality +2
• Land -1
• Offensive Doctrine -2
• -1 base tax value in the capital province

B. Accept the rule of the Medici

• Stability -3
• Lose 10000 troops in a random province
• -4 base manpower in the capital province
• Centralization +1
• Aristocracy +1
• Serfdom +1
• Quality +2
• Land -1
• Offensive Doctrine -2
• Clear flag "[TOS_Republic]"
• Flag graphics set to default
• Event 297043 - Florence civic pride for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Flag [militia] is set

Will happen within 30 days of August 2, 1512
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1512)

Description

Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici intrigued continually against the republic of Florence with either France or Spain, whoever he felt could help him return the Medici to power. In the aftermath of the Council of Florence he was able to get support from Spain, and accompanied an army that invaded Tuscany. The Tuscan militia could not stop the advance of this army, and as it neared Florence Giovanni opened negotiations with the city. Piero Soderini offered to step down to allow the Medici to return, but the city refused to accept Medici rule. Because the city refused to submit, the cardinal's army captured and pillaged the nearby town of Prato after which Florence submitted. What should we do about Soderini's offer?

Actions

A. Defy the Medici

• Stability +1
• Centralization +2
• Aristocracy +1
• Serfdom +1
• -1 base tax value in the capital province

B. Let Soderini resign

• Stability -3
• Centralization +1
• Clear flag "[TOS_Republic]"
• Flag graphics set to default
• Event 297043 - Florence civic pride for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 170121 - Florence submits to Charles VIII for France has already occurred
• Tuscany is a vassal of France
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 17366 - Florence attacked for Tuscany has already occurred
  • Event 71318 - Florence attacked for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen within 90 days of August 2, 1512
Checked again every 90 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after August 30, 1513)

Description

The first experiment of a Populist Republic governed by means of a 'Gonfalonierato' and a 'Consiglio Maggiore' was miserably at the end when the Spanish troops hired by Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici (the future Pope Leo X) and led by Raimondo di Cardona, viceroy of Naples, entered Tuscany and fiercely sacked Prato as to impress the Florentine citizenship about the end of their city in case they wouldn't surrender. Florence hadn't still arranged any defense and the Medici's party easily took power deposed Soderini and let the Medici family enter the city. Even if the Republic was not formally abolished, the Medici actually became the masters of Florence.

Actions

A. Up the Medici!

• Clear flag "[TOS_Republic]"
• Flag graphics set to default
• Event 297043 - Florence civic pride for Tuscany will never fire
• Break vassalization with France
• Stability +2
• -50
• +25 relations with Naples
• +25 relations with Papal States
• +25 relations with Spain
• +25 relations with Aragon

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen on March 12, 1513

Description

In September 1512, Piero Soderini's government fell and by November, Machiavelli had lost his position as secretary of Florence. Soon after he was barred from leaving Florence, barred access to the Palazzo, and a bond of 1,000 gold florins. Four months after his dismissal, a plot is discovered to assassinate either cardinal Giovanni Medici or Giuliano Medici and Machiavelli's name is on a list of possible supporters. A warrant for his arrest is posted and after Machiavelli presents himself to the authorities, he is thrown in the prison palazzo Bargello. In jail, Machiavelli is held in shackles and regularly subjected to the torture known as 'the rope' or strappado. He spent his time there writing poetry about his circumstances, noting that he could hear the priests praying for the souls of the soon-to-be-executed beneath his cell window. On 11 March 1513, Cardinal Giovanni Medici is elected Pope and becomes Leo X. He announces a general amnesy upon his ascension and Machiavelli is released from prison.

Actions

A. God works in strange ways

• Innovativeness +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +500
• Stability +1
• Land tech investment: -500
• Clear flag "[TOS_Republic]"
• Flag graphics set to default
• Event 297043 - Florence civic pride for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 200 days of June 2, 1513
Checked again every 200 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1513)
unless prevented by
Action A of 193043 - Machiavelli publishes 'The Prince' for Italy

Description

Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian writer and statesman Florentine patriot and original political theorist whose principal work 'The Prince' brought him a reputation of amoral cynicism. Yet Machiavelli's affections always lay with the republic and all of his theories were intended for its betterment but the corruption of the times the weakness of the states of Italy and the threat of foreign conquest made him long for that 'new prince' who might give reality to his great dream of the redemption of Italy.

Actions

A. OK

• +20 relations with a random country
• +20 relations with a random country
• +20 relations with a random country
• +20 relations with a random country
• +3 diplomats
• Aristocracy +1
• lombard will become an accepted culture

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Papal States exists
• The following must not occur:
  • Tuscany and Papal States are at war

Will happen within 90 days of August 2, 1523
Checked again every 90 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after March 2, 1525)

Description

In 1523 Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, who had been ruling Florence, was elected as Pope Clement VII. He sent his illegitimate relatives to be nominal rulers of Florence, but as both were minors he maintained his control of the city through papal legates who were resident in the Medici Palazzo in Florence.

Actions

A. OK

• Stability +1
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +1 for 12 months
• Event 17368 - Election of Clement VII for Papal States is triggered immediately
• Innovativeness -1

Tuscany — Not random

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1525
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1525)

Description

In 1525, Machiavelli staged his comic play, Mandragola -- considered by many to be the beginning of modern Italian drama. It is an incredible testament to the man who wrote The Prince that he could also be the author of the lines : He who makes no test, Oh Love, of your great power, must hope in vain ever to have true faith in Heaven's highest worth. The friar cares not for the health of souls, but only for the fattening of his pockets. And Machiavelli asserts the superiority of classical values to medieval ones judging his times degenerate and having the protagonist say : 'And in Hell how many worthy men there are!'. Still, in Mandragola you find evidence of a new European idea of drama as Machiavelli includes wry criticisms of contemporary dramatic theory inside the body of the play. As the eminent scholar of Machiavelli, Allen Gilbert, wrote, 'Not to know Mandragola is not to know The Prince'.

Actions

A. La Dolce Vita

• Infrastructure tech investment: +500

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 17407 - Charles V's Mercenary Army Sacks Rome for Spain has already occurred
  • Event 17408 - Charles V's Mercenary Army Sacks Rome for Austria has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of January 2, 1527
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1528)

Description

After the sack of Rome by Charles V troops in 1527 Pope Clement VII was trapped in a castle outside Rome. Discontent in Florence became very serious and there was rioting. What should we do?

Actions

A. Establish a Republic

• Flag graphics extension set to "Republic"
• Break vassalization with Papal States
• Stability +2
• Centralization -3
• Aristocracy -1
• Serfdom -1
• Monarch Repubblica becomes active
• Monarch Giulio de' Medici will never rule
• Leader Ferrucci becomes active

B. Let the Pope rule

• Stability -2
• +50 relations with Papal States
• The capital province revolts
• The capital province revolts
• Event 285075 - The Treaty of Barcelona between the Emperor and the Pope for Spain will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 17381 - The second Florentine Republic for Tuscany has already occurred
• Event 251048 - The Treaty of Barcelona between the Emperor and the Pope for Papal States has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of September 25, 1530
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1530)

Description

After the fall of Rome the Pope was able to reconcile with the Emperor and engage an army to restore the Medici to Florence. With Michelangelo in charge of the defensive works, the city was besieged. It held out from October 1529 to August 1530 while Florentine troops tried to lift the siege. After the battle of Gavinana, in which the Florentine army was destroyed, the city could hold out no longer. Alessandro de' Medici was accepted back into Florence, and the emperor made him Duke.

Actions

A. Oh, well...

• Flag graphics set to default
• Innovativeness -1
• Centralization +2
• Aristocracy +2
• -1 base tax value in Firenze
• +10% inflation
• -50
• +50 relations with Austria
• +80 relations with Papal States

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 17382 - The Duchy of Tuscany for Tuscany has already occurred
• Flag [militia] is set

Will happen within 30 days of October 25, 1530
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after October 25, 1531)

Description

The republican government had resurrected Machiavelli's 'Nine of Militia' in 1527 and added some innovations of their own - most notably conscription for city citizens themselves. The reconstructed militia proved itself to be formidable in the contest with Charles V and could well be a useful tool for the future grandeur of Florence. However, keeping citizens in arms contains risks for those who mean to rule, and rule absolutely. The new Duke, Alessandro de' Medici faced a decisionabout how to establish his military.

Actions

A. End the Militia - it's not politically reliable

• Serfdom +2
• Stability +1
• Land tech investment: -500
• +2000 cavalry in the capital province

B. Continue the militia reforms.

• +4 base manpower in the capital province
• Land +1
• Offensive Doctrine +2
• Global revolt risk +6 for 60 months
• Stability -3
• Land tech investment: +500

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Event 251048 - The Treaty of Barcelona between the Emperor and the Pope for Papal States has already occurred
• Event 17381 - The second Florentine Republic for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of September 25, 1534
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1534)

Description

The attempt to establish a Republic had failed because of strong diverging forces in the way of how to administrate the city. So when Pope Clement VII died he was succeeded in the rule of Florence by Alessandro de' Medici, who was created Duke of Tuscany by the Emperor. The citizenship swore allegiance to the new Florentine ruler.

Actions

A. OK

• Flag graphics set to default
• Innovativeness -1
• Centralization -1
• Aristocracy +1
• Serfdom +1
• -50
• +50 relations with Austria

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 17383 - The Duchy of Tuscany for Tuscany has already occurred
  • Event 17382 - The Duchy of Tuscany for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of January 7, 1537
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 30, 1537)

Description

Alessandro wore out his welcome quite quickly. He smashed the cities great bell to symbolize the end of the republic, impounded all weapons in the city, and built a citadel to secure his control of the city. With his cousin Lorenzaccio he spent his evenings with drinks and prostitutes. However, Lorenzaccio had set his mind to emulating Brutus. By suggesting to Alessandro that sleeping with a cousin of his would demonstrate that he was a great seducer, Lorenzaccio enticed Alessandro to a bedroom where he stabbed him through the stomach. His fame assured Lorenzaccio then fled Florence. In the city the council met, and ultimately invited Cosimo de' Medici a great grandson of Lorenzo il Magnifico to rule Florence.

Actions

A. Oh, well...

• Stability -2
• Monarch's military skill -2 for 12 months
• -3 diplomats
• -3 merchants
• Monarch's administrative skill -2 for 12 months
• Monarch's diplomatic skill -2 for 12 months

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Relations with Ottoman Empire are at -50 or higher

Will happen within 360 days of January 2, 1558
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 2, 1560)
unless prevented by
Action A of 193036 - The Knights of Santo Stefano for Italy

Description

Inspired by the successes of the Knights of St. John in fighting the Turks, Grand Duke Cosimo I set up the order of the Knights of Santo Stefano. Based out of Pisa their role was to serve the Grand Duke when he needed naval support and to defend Tuscan interests in the Mediterranean. They played a role in many of the great conflicts in the Mediterranean against the Ottomans, including the battle of Lepanto (1572) and the siege of Candia (1645-1669). When not at war they engaged in piracy against Turkish, and occasionally Venetian shipping. This was the first naval force Tuscany had ever had, and represented a change in the military stance of the Tuscan state.

Actions

A. OK

• Naval tech investment: +1000
• Land -1
• Gain 5 galleys in Firenze

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Event 17373 - Cosimo I's fortifications for Tuscany has already occurred
• Own Siena
• Control Siena
• Own Firenze
• Control Firenze

Will happen within 60 days of January 2, 1560
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 21, 1574)
unless prevented by
Action A of 17373 - Cosimo I's fortifications for Tuscany

Description

After the devastation of the Italian wars Grand Duke Cosimo I of Tuscany built a network of modern fortresses to guard all the entrances to Tuscany.

Actions

A. OK

• Fortress level in Firenze +1
• Fortress level in Siena +1
• Event 17373 - Cosimo I's fortifications for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Event 17374 - Cosimo I's fortifications for Tuscany has already occurred
• The following must not occur:
  • Own Siena
• Own Firenze
• Control Firenze

Will happen within 30 days of January 1, 1569
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 21, 1574)
unless prevented by
Action A of 17374 - Cosimo I's fortifications for Tuscany

Description

After the devastation of the Italian wars Grand Duke Cosimo I of Tuscany built a network of modern fortresses to guard all the entrances to Tuscany.

Actions

A. OK

• Fortress level in Firenze +1
• Event 17374 - Cosimo I's fortifications for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Ottoman Empire exists
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 3549 - The Holy League for Papal States has already occurred
  • Event 236000 - The Holy League for The Pope has already occurred

Will happen within 30 days of May 8, 1571
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after April 14, 1573)

Description

When in 1570 the Turks sent an ultimatum to Venice asking for the ceding of Cyprus and then invaded the island after the Republic of San Marco failed to respond, a great uproar was created in the Catholic world by the facts and rumors of Ottoman atrocities in the last Christian bastion of the eastern Mediterranean. After a first failure in the summer of 1570, Pope Pius V managed to convince major Catholic nations (except France) to join a Holy League against the heathens Turks, and it was proclaimed in May 1571. The League would lead to the great naval victory of Don Juan on the Turks at Lepanto, but would not outlast this first and final triumph. Selim II is rumored to have said, after the news he had lost 200 galleys at Lepanto: At Lepanto, the Christians have shaved me. At Cyprus, I cut their arm. My beard will grow again.

Actions

A. Support the Holy League

• Gain a temporary casus belli against Ottoman Empire for 72 months
• -150 relations with Ottoman Empire
• +50 relations with Papal States
• +50 relations with France
• +50 relations with Genoa
• +50 relations with Italy
• +50 relations with Order of St. John
• +50 relations with Naples
• +50 relations with Savoy
• +50 relations with Sicily
• +50 relations with Spain
• +50 relations with Venice

B. Let the matter fall

• +50 relations with Ottoman Empire
• -50 relations with Papal States
• -50 relations with France
• -50 relations with Genoa
• -50 relations with Italy
• -50 relations with Order of St. John
• -50 relations with Naples
• -50 relations with Savoy
• -50 relations with Sicily
• -50 relations with Spain
• -50 relations with Venice

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Siena is a national (core) province
• Own Siena
• Country is not at war

Will happen within 1080 days of January 2, 1583
Checked again every 1080 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after December 31, 1819)

Description

The Republic of Siena lost her independence during the Italian Wars and by the late 16th century was becoming fully integrated into the Tuscan state. The separation of the components of Tuscany was over and Florentines no longer dominated the administration of the state.

Actions

A. OK

• Siena will be considered a national province
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +2 for 36 months
• Infrastructure tech investment: +100

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Innovativeness is at 2 or higher

Will happen within 360 days of June 2, 1610
Checked again every 360 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after September 2, 1612)
unless prevented by
Action A, B of 193037 - Galileo Galilei: the modern science is born for Italy

Description

Galileo was born in Pisa in Tuscany and he is chiefly remembered for his work on free fall, his use of the telescope and his employment of experimentation. Early in his career he determined that repetition time of a pendulum was the same regardless of the amplitude of the oscillation. He determined, experimentally, that objects do not fall with velocities proportionate to their weight, that was a direct contradiction of the teachings of Aristotle. In 1609 he built a telescope and began detailed observations of the sky. However his disagreements with the Aristotelean canon made his life at the University of Padua increasingly difficult as he met accusations from the Church and the opposition of detractors at the University. In 1610 Cosimo II invited him to come to Florence and continue his work away from his opponents.

Actions

A. Appoint Galileo as Mathematician to the Grand Duke

• -50
• Innovativeness +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +100
• Event 5228 - Galileo Galilei publishes the 'Dialogues' for Venice will never fire

B. We don't need him

• Infrastructure tech investment: -50
• Event 5227 - Galileo Galilei publishes the 'Dialogues' for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Event 5226 - Galileo Galilei: the modern science is born for Tuscany has already occurred

Will happen within 20 days of March 2, 1632
Checked again every 20 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after August 30, 1632)
unless prevented by
Action B of 5226 - Galileo Galilei: the modern science is born for Tuscany
Action A, B of 193038 - Galileo Galilei publishes the 'Dialogues' for Italy
Action A, B of 193037 - Galileo Galilei: the modern science is born for Italy

Description

In Florence Galileo continued his work on motion and on mechanics, and began to get involved in disputes about Copernicanism. Galileo showed a marked tendency to use all his discoveries as evidence for Copernicanism, and to do so with great verbal as well as mathematical skill. Copernicanism was in contradiction with Scripture, and in 1616 Galileo was given some kind of secret, but official, warning that he was not to defend Copernicanism. Just what was said on this occasion was to become a subject for dispute when Galileo was accused of departing from this undertaking in his 'Dialogue concerning the two greatest world systems', published in Florence in 1632.

Actions

A. Allow Galileo to publish his work

• Global revolt risk +5 for 12 months
• Infrastructure tech investment: +50
• -25 relations with Papal States

B. No, this is too revolutionary

• Innovativeness -1
• +25 relations with Papal States
• Event 5225 - The trial against Galileo for Papal States will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• None of the following must occur:
  • Country has at least 10 non-colonial provinces
  • Innovativeness is at 9 or higher
  • Serfdom is at 3 or higher
  • Aristocracy is at 1 or higher
  • Event 338232 - The plague in Milan for Lombardia has already occurred

Will happen within 60 days of January 13, 1675
Checked again every 60 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 1, 1715)

Description

In the late XVIIth century, the disuse of the Mediterranean sea as the main international trade junction between Europa and the East Indies brought the Italian economic system to collapse. Italy became more removed from the mainstream of European development and each local administration along the peninsula lagged behind that of any other European contemporary. The practice of agriculture as prevailing economic activity meant the coming back to power of the most conservative landowning aristocracy. That economic backwardness associated with the effects of Counterreform deeply affected Italian social life too, now less and less inclined to accept innovation and to develop some entrepreneurial attitude.

Actions

A. Alas!

• Stability -1
• -2 base tax value in the capital province
• -1 base manpower in the capital province
• Aristocracy +1
• Centralization -1
• Innovativeness -1
• Mercantilism +1
• Serfdom +1
• Land +1
• Trade tech investment: -500
• Infrastructure tech investment: -500
• Naval tech investment: -500

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 3632 - Habsburg Inheritance of Lothringen for Lorraine has already occurred
  • Event 170202 - The claim to Lorraine for France has already occurred
• Austria exists
• None of the following must occur:
  • Tuscany and Austria are at war
  • Tuscany and Lorraine are at war

Will happen within 10 days of July 10, 1737
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after August 18, 1765)
unless prevented by
Action A of 170202 - The claim to Lorraine for France

Description

In 1737, at the death of Gian Gastone, the last of the ruling house of Medici in Florence, Duke François III Stephan of Lorraine became Grand Duke of Tuscany thanks to his political marriage with Maria Theresa of Austria, heir of all the Habsburgs' domains. In facts many were the interests of the House of Habsburg in exercising its hegemonic power in Italy in order to chase any Bourbon interference out of the peninsula. During his rule, Francesco II preferred to live in Vienna and never visited Florence. Although the country was reasonably well administered under his reign, Tuscany was very heavily taxed to support Francesco's court and Austria's wars.

Actions

A. OK

• Flag graphics extension set to "Habsburg"
• Stability +1
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +2 for 12 months
• Gain a royal marriage with Austria
• Gain a royal marriage with Lorraine

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Francesco II is active
• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 3736 - French Inheritance of Lothringen for France has already occurred
  • Event 170202 - The claim to Lorraine for France has already occurred
• Austria exists
• The following must not occur:
  • Tuscany and Austria are at war

Will happen within 10 days of July 10, 1737
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after August 18, 1765)
unless prevented by
Action A of 3632 - Habsburg Inheritance of Lothringen for Lorraine
Action B of 170202 - The claim to Lorraine for France

Description

At the death of Gian Gastone, the last of the ruling house of Medici in Florence, Francesco II became Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1737 in exchange for giving up his Duchy of Lorraine. He was the husband of Maria Theresa, heir to the Habsburg domains, and was elected emperor in 1745. He lived in Vienna, and never visited Florence. Although the country was reasonably well administered under his reign, it was very heavily taxed to support Francesco's court and Austria's wars.

Actions

A. OK

• Flag graphics extension set to "Habsburg"
• Stability +1
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +2 for 12 months
• Gain a royal marriage with Austria

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Pietro Leopoldo I is active
• Austria exists
• The following must not occur:
  • Tuscany and Austria are at war

Will happen within 10 days of August 19, 1765
Checked again every 10 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after July 21, 1790)

Description

Pietro Leopoldo was the younger son of Francesco II, and ruled Tuscany from Florence rather than Vienna. He replaced the Germans in the administration with Tuscans, He abolished the tax privileges of the upper classes, and curbed the power of the clergy. He rejected papal interference in Tuscan church affairs, and replaced the standing army with a militia.

Actions

A. OK

• Flag graphics extension set to "Habsburg"
• Event 297015 - Consequences of Pietro Leopoldo reforms for Tuscany is triggered immediately
• Stability +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +500
• Aristocracy -1
• Centralization +1
• Quality -1
• +2 base tax value in the capital province
• -40 relations with Papal States
• +30 relations with Austria

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Pietro Leopoldo I is active

Will happen within 30 days of March 11, 1786
Checked again every 30 days until trigger is met (cannot happen after January 11, 1787)

Description

In 1764, Cesare Bonesana, Marquis of Beccaria, published a brief but justly celebrated treatise, 'Dei Delitti e delle Pene' (On Crimes and Punishments), which marked the high point of the Milan Enlightenment. In it, Beccaria put forth the first arguments ever made against the death penalty. His treatise was also the first full work of penology, advocating reform of the criminal law system. Apart from condemning the death penalty (on two grounds: first, because the state does not possess the right to take lives and secondly, because capital punishment is neither a useful nor a necessary form of punishment), Beccaria developed in his treatise a number of innovative and influential principles: punishment had a preventive, not a retributive, function, punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed, the certainty of punishment, not its severity, would achieve the preventive effect, procedures of criminal convictions should be public and finally, in order to be effective, punishment should be prompt. The book was the first full-scale work to tackle criminal reform and to suggest that criminal justice should conform to rational principles. In this, Beccaria reflected the convictions of the 'Il Caffè' group, who sought to cause reform through Enlightenment discourse. Put across in a clear and animated style, the book's serious message was based in particular upon a deep sense of humanity and of urgency at unjust suffering. This humane sentiment was what made Beccaria appeal for rationality in the laws. In 1786 Pietro Leopoldo of Habsburg-Lorraine was the first European monarch to reform the penal code with his 'Codice Leopoldino', he but followed Beccaria's argument about the lack of utility of capital punishment, not about the state's lacking right to execute citizens.

Actions

A. Reform the Justice

• Stability -1
• Serfdom -2
• Innovativeness +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +250
• Gain courthouse in the capital province
• -100

B. Maintain the present system

• -10 victory points
• Infrastructure tech investment: -100

Tuscany — Not random

Triggered by

Action A of 228051 - The Mercenary Wars for Milan

Description

For more then ten years Northern Italy was the war theater of 'Mercenari' at disposal of the best offerer between Milan and the other Italian states united in a League originally formed by Venice and Florence. It was to the interest of all soldiers of fortune of both sides to make the operations last as long as possible, to avoid decisive operations and to liberate all prisoners quickly. Consequently the campaign were very exhausting and dragged on interminably, some battles were won and others lost, truces and peace treaties were made only to be broken, and no definite result was achieved. A peace treaty was also stipulated in Ferrara in 1428 in which at first Visconti stated to renounce claims to territories lying beyond the Panaro-Magra Rivers, but refused to concede the territories of Bergamo and Brescia to Venice, which was still occupying with her troops. Political and economic interests of both sides were conflicting and when the new Pope, Eugenius IV, was being suspected of involvement with the League to damage Milan, Visconti retaliated sending his troops to invade the Papal States. That represented a violation of the peace treaty and subsequently a new Antivisconti League was formed to wage war against Milan.

Actions

A. Stop the Tyrant

• -25 relations with Milan
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Milan for 36 months
• Stability -2

B. Grant neutrality and avoid expensive wars

• +75 relations with Milan
• -25 relations with Venice
• -25 relations with Papal States
• Event 297017 - The Duke of Milan threatens the balance for Tuscany will never fire

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Tuscany is a vassal of Austria

Triggered by

Action A of 17372 - Reforms of Pietro Leopoldo I for Tuscany

Description

Upon his ascension to the crown of Austria in 1790 Pietro Leopoldo appointed his younger son as Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Actions

A. OK

• Break vassalization with Austria
• Stability +3
• Gain a royal marriage with Austria

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Own Piemonte
    • Savoy exists
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Own Emilia
    • Milan exists
  • All of the following must occur:
    • Own Marche
    • Papal States exists

Triggered by

Action A of 297037 - The Peace of Cremona for Tuscany

Description

With that treaty Milan had to renounce claims to Lower Po Valley and cede the territories beyond the Adda River to Venice.

Actions

A. OK

• Cede Piemonte to Savoy
• Cede Emilia to Milan
• Cede Marche to Papal States

Tuscany — Not random

Triggered by

Action A of 17356 - Tuscany and the revolt in Siena for Spain
Action A of 17359 - Tuscany and the revolt in Siena for Austria

Description

In 1549 after increasing turmoil in Siena, the Spanish representative of the city, Don Diego di Mendoza, decided to build a fortress to ensure Spanish control of the territory. This decision was received with horror by the Sienese who begged with Charles V not to proceed. He refused, and several Sienese citizens in Rome received aid from French agents and collected an army. In 1552, as they marched on Siena the people revolted and threw out the Spanish troops, and an independent Siena took up a pro-French policy. Henri II, King of France, tried to exploit the situation by sending there an army led by Paul de Termes, who was successively substituted by Strozzi when an invasion of Corsica was attempted with the help of the Turkish fleet. On Emperor Charles V's decision to inflict an exemplary punishment upon the rebeling city, Cosimo I Duke of Tuscany responded to his call by invading and pillaging the villages surrounding Siena with the help of Spanish/imperial troops. After a year long siege laid by Medeghino and his Florentine troops, the city of Siena was eventually taken.

Actions

A. OK

• Gain a temporary casus belli against Siena for 12 months
• -100 relations with Siena

Tuscany — Not random

Triggered by

Action A of 390023 - The Castro Wars (1641-1649) for Parma

Description

Fought against the expansionist policies of the Papacy, it began with the Papal seizure of Ferrara when the legitimate d'Este line ended in 1598. They also absorbed Urbino when its ruling family, the della Rovere died out in 1631. Moreover the Pope insisted on papal primacy, making every bishop in northern Italy a petty tyrant and straining relations with the local ruling princes. When Pope Urban VIII banned Parmesan grain imports then occupied Farnese Castro for failing to repay Roman creditors, Duke Odoardo Farnese responded with his own military expedition with his allies Modena, Tuscany and Venice (who all lost lands to the Pope). After a crushing the Papal Army at Lagoscuro in 1644 the ban was lifted and Farnese compelled to continue repaying his debt. The conflict was renewed in 1649 by Odoardo's successor Ranuccio II who discontinued the payments rendered by his father to the Roman creditors. In response Pope Innocent X reoccupied Castro and razed the city, compelling Farnese to cede Castro and its nearby territories to the Papacy.

Actions

A. Support Farnese

• Gain a temporary casus belli against Papal States for 72 months
• -75 relations with Papal States
• +50 relations with Parma
• +50 relations with Venice
• +50 relations with Modena

B. Support the Pope

• +75 relations with Papal States
• -50 relations with Parma
• -50 relations with Venice
• -50 relations with Modena

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• The following must not occur:
  • Tuscany and Genoa are at war

Triggered by

Action A of 326070 - Genoa joins the league against Milan for Venice

Description

After the death of Giovanna of Anjou without natural heirs, a war of succession for the Kingdom of Naples broke out between the two claimants, René of Anjou and Alfons of Aragon, both designated heirs in two different times by Giovanna. Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan, also Signore of Genoa, preoccupied with the increasing Aragonese influence in the Mediterranean sea trade routes as much as in the Italian peninsula, decided to support the Angevins. Alfons of Aragon was defeated and captured by a Genovese fleet at the battle of Ponza in 1435. Transferred to Milan, Alfons succeeded in gaining Visconti's favour to his cause against the French Angevins. He convinced Filippo Maria that a French presence in Italy could be against the interests of Milan since the House of Orléans had never hidden its dynastic claims on the Duchy of Milan. But Genoa, a bitter rival of Aragon during centuries of dispute over Sardinia, Corsica, and the control of the Western Mediterranean trade, was appalled by Visconti's sudden change of sides, and immediately asked for admission in the Venetian-Florentine league against her former suzerain.

Actions

A. Give support to Genoa against Visconti

• +50 relations with Genoa
• -25 relations with Aragon
• -50 relations with Milan
• Gain a temporary casus belli against Milan for 36 months

Tuscany — Not random

Conditions

• Own Firenze

Triggered by

Action A of 338237 - The plague in Florence for Firenze

Description

The Spanish hegemony in the Italian peninsula was exercised by means of heavy bureaucracy and harsh taxation directly in the Habsburg dominions of Milan and Naples and indirectly in the rest of the peninsula by forcing the other minor Italian states to respect Spanish economic and diplomatic directives. The vassalage to Spain, which granted to some extent an enduring peace in Italy afer the Italian Wars, which the historians would call 'the pax hispanica', together with the disuse of the Mediterranean sea as international trade route towards the East Indies brought the Italian economic system to eventually collapse. As a result of this agriculture will become the prevailing economic activity in Italy until the end of XIXth century. That meant the coming back to power of the landowning aristocracy.

Actions

A. We hope for better times!

• Stability -2
• Aristocracy +1
• Innovativeness -1
• Mercantilism +1
• Serfdom +1
• Land +1
• Trade tech investment: -500
• Infrastructure tech investment: -500
• Naval tech investment: -500

Tuscany — Not random

Triggered by

Action A of 257006 - The fate of the Sienese Republic for Siena

Description

In 1552 Siena rebelled to Emperor Charles V. As answer he sent troops to besiege the city to inflict an exemplary punishment upon it. After long siege the city of Siena eventually surrendered on 17 April 1555 and was forced to renew her allegiance to the Emperor. The Emperor, in return, granted the Republican liberty of the Sienese state and confirmed her magistrates. He also abandoned the project to build a new fortress offering a garrison at his expenses and conceded the general pardon to the citizenship. The Sienese republic would remain under imperial protection until 1557, when Felipe II King of Spain assigned the administration of the Sienese territory to Duke Cosimo I de' Medici with the exception of the Sienese coastal cities which constituted the Spanish State of Presidi. The fate of Siena was confirmed by the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559.

Actions

A. OK

• Inherit the realms of Siena
• Siena will be considered a national province

Tuscany — Not random

Triggered by

Action A of 326038 - The Treaty of Lodi for Venice

Description

During the war of succession in Milan, all the belligerent nations were brought to exhaustion of money and troops. Francesco Sforza, ruler of Milan and Venice, the chief state of the league confederates, who was more and more threatened by the advancing Ottomans in her eastern Mediterranean territories, convened a cease-fire while a bilateral treaty was hastily signed in Lodi on 7 April 1454. With that treaty Sforza was legitimated Duke of Milan. Without even being called for, Florence and the Pope had no choice then to endorse the treaty. The King of Naples, being a rightful claimant on the ducal throne reluctantly joined the alliance under the condition to keep Genoa out of it. Intended 'infra terminos italicos', that treaty showed the objective impossibility for all the Italian major powers (specifically Milan, Tuscany, Venice, Naples and Papal States) to prevail upon each other in the struggle for the hegemony in Italy and that the better solution was to come to terms with each other. That would have also avoided the practice of very expensive and pointless wars in the next future. Although the treaty actually played a minor part in Italian balance of powers and so won't be able to avoid future wars of aggression from inside as well from outside Italy, the post-Lodi era historically represented a period of relative peace in which the figurative arts definitively flourished in the whole Italian peninsula, as well as economy and trade and, last but not the least, the skills and tricks of the art of diplomacy.

Actions

A. Sign the treaty and let's have prosperity

• Stability +1
• +5 diplomats
• +4 merchants

Tuscany — Not random

Triggered by

Action B of 257006 - The fate of the Sienese Republic for Siena

Description

In 1552 Siena rebelled to Emperor Charles V. As answer he sent troops to besiege the city to inflict an exemplary punishment upon it. After long siege the city of Siena eventually surrendered on 17 April 1555 and was forced to renew her allegiance to the Emperor. The Emperor, in return, granted the Republican liberty of the Sienese state and confirmed her magistrates. He also abandoned the project to build a new fortress offering a garrison at his expenses and conceded the general pardon to the citizenship. The Sienese republic would remain under imperial protection until 1557, when Felipe II King of Spain assigned the administration of the Sienese territory to Duke Cosimo I de' Medici with the exception of the Sienese coastal cities which constituted the Spanish State of Presidi. The fate of Siena was confirmed by the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559.

Actions

A. Siena doesn't respect the treaty

• Siena will be considered a national province